THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF METFORMIN AND NEBOVOLOL IN HIGH FAT DIET

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  Siddhant Arora, Rakesh Sharma, Prashant Dhakad, Yogesh Kumar Sharma, Surbhi Jangir

• Siddhant Arora, Rakesh Sharma, Prashant Dhakad, Yogesh Kumar Sharma, Surbhi Jangir
• THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF METFORMIN AND NEBOVOLOL IN HIGH FAT DIET

Abstract

Obesity stands as a major health challenge in the Western world, presenting increased risks of diabetes (type 2), cardiovascular morbidity, cancer, and imposing significant economic costs on healthcare providers. The condition results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, often exacerbated by environmental factors such as readily available high calorie food and sedentary lifestyles. Genetic factors also contribute to this imbalance. This study explores the potential of therapeutic agents to address obesity-related concerns, focusing on the regulation of appetite through complex hypothalamic neurocircuitry. Uncoupling proteins (UCP), specifically UCP1, play a role in energy metabolism and thermogenesis. Nebivolol, a third-generation β1 adrenoceptor blocker used for hypertension, has recently shown lipolytic action on human visceral adipocytes and activates UCP1, contributing to thermogenesis and weight loss. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, is also examined for its effects on obesity. Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain function, and promotes glucose uptake. It has demonstrated lipid-lowering potential and is explored for its impact on cancer cells. The methodology involves an extensive literature survey using various online and offline resources, including research articles, reviews, and databases such as NEJM, Science Direct, PubMed, Sci-Hub, and Library Genesis. Current approaches to treating obesity encompass comprehensive lifestyle management, including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification. Multidisciplinary programs have shown modest long-term weight loss. Metformin and nebivolol present promising avenues for obesity treatment, leveraging their diverse pharmacological actions. Further research is essential to elucidate their mechanisms and optimize their clinical applications in the context of obesity management.